Building a New Nation
Time Line
Trigger Words
3/5 Compromise- The Founding Fathers agreed that three-fifths of all slaves should be counted for purposes of both deciding a state's obligation for a direct federal tax, and for determining its population for representation in the House of Representatives.
Alien & Sedition Acts-In 1798 the Federalist Congress passed the four acts collectively known as the Alien and Sedition Acts to attack the Republican party and suppress dissent against Federalist policies. The Acts curtailed freedom of speech and the liberty of foreigners resident in the United States.
American System-Intended to protect domestic manufacturers from foreign competition, the American System was the brainchild of Kentucky Congressman Henry Clay. It involved a political trade-off: In return for eastern support for federal aid to railroad and canal construction, the West would back protective tariffs. This arrangement would stimulate manufacturing and a demand for raw materials, and increase the market for manufactured goods.
Articles of Confederation-The Articles (ratified in 1781) were the United States's first constitution. They sharply limited central authority by denying the national government any coercive power including the power to tax and to regulate trade. The articles set up the loose confederation of states that comprised the first national government from 1781 to 1788.
Era of Good Feelings-The Era of Good Feeling lasted from 1817 to 1823 in which the disappearance of the Federalists enabled the Republicans to govern in a spirit of seemingly nonpartisan harmony.
Embargo Act-The 1807 Embargo Act was provoked by the "Chesapeake" incident and prohibited all exports from U.S. ports. President Jefferson hoped to pressure Britain and France into recognizing neutral rights, but the embargo damaged the economy and was bitterly resented, especially in New England.
Land Ordinance-The Ordinance of 1785 provided for the surveying and selling of America's western territories; it created the grid system of surveys by which all subsequent public land was made available for sale. It favored speculative land development companies, but it promoted nationalism.
Louisiana Purchase-In 1803 the United States purchased the Louisiana Territory from Napoleonic France for $15 million. The purchase secured U.S. control of the Mississippi River and nearly doubled the size of the nation.
Marbury v. Madison-In 1803 the Supreme Court ruled the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional. The "Marbury v. Madison" case established the precedent for judicial review of federal laws.
McCulloch v. Maryland-In "McCulloch v. Maryland" (1819), the Supreme Court ruled that the second Bank of the United States was constitutional, thus affirming the doctrine of implied powers. The case also determined that "the power to tax involves the power to destroy," thus state governments could not tax a federal agency like the Bank.
Missouri Compromise-In 1820, after angry debate in Congress, Missouri entered the Union as a slave state, and Maine was admitted as a free state to preserve the balance of slave and free states in the Union. Also, slavery was banned from that part of the Louisiana Territory north of 36° 30'.
Northwest Ordinance-The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 established governments in America's northwestern territories, established a procedure for their admission to statehood, and prohibited slavery north of the Ohio River. This legislation passed by Congress under the Articles of Confederation provided the model for the incorporation of future territories into the Union as coequal states.
Revolution 1800-In the Election of 1800 both Jefferson and Aaron Burr received 73 votes in the Electoral College. Because of the tie, the Constitution required that the House of Representatives (voting by states) choose between the two and Jefferson was elected. The Twelfth Amendment was adopted to prevent a similar occurrence in the future.
Virginia & Kentucky resolutions-In response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison wrote the Kentucky and Virginia Resolves. They argued that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional and that each state had a right to declare them null and void.
War of 1812-The United States and Britain fought this war from June 1812 to January 1815 largely over British restrictions on American shipping.
Whiskey Rebellion-Western Pennsylvania farmers violently resisted paying the whiskey tax imposed by Hamilton's financial program. In 1794 they threatened to destroy Pittsburgh. Washington and Hamilton marshalled the full force of the army to suppress the rebellion, but the rebels had dispersed by the time the army arrived.
Alien & Sedition Acts-In 1798 the Federalist Congress passed the four acts collectively known as the Alien and Sedition Acts to attack the Republican party and suppress dissent against Federalist policies. The Acts curtailed freedom of speech and the liberty of foreigners resident in the United States.
American System-Intended to protect domestic manufacturers from foreign competition, the American System was the brainchild of Kentucky Congressman Henry Clay. It involved a political trade-off: In return for eastern support for federal aid to railroad and canal construction, the West would back protective tariffs. This arrangement would stimulate manufacturing and a demand for raw materials, and increase the market for manufactured goods.
Articles of Confederation-The Articles (ratified in 1781) were the United States's first constitution. They sharply limited central authority by denying the national government any coercive power including the power to tax and to regulate trade. The articles set up the loose confederation of states that comprised the first national government from 1781 to 1788.
Era of Good Feelings-The Era of Good Feeling lasted from 1817 to 1823 in which the disappearance of the Federalists enabled the Republicans to govern in a spirit of seemingly nonpartisan harmony.
Embargo Act-The 1807 Embargo Act was provoked by the "Chesapeake" incident and prohibited all exports from U.S. ports. President Jefferson hoped to pressure Britain and France into recognizing neutral rights, but the embargo damaged the economy and was bitterly resented, especially in New England.
Land Ordinance-The Ordinance of 1785 provided for the surveying and selling of America's western territories; it created the grid system of surveys by which all subsequent public land was made available for sale. It favored speculative land development companies, but it promoted nationalism.
Louisiana Purchase-In 1803 the United States purchased the Louisiana Territory from Napoleonic France for $15 million. The purchase secured U.S. control of the Mississippi River and nearly doubled the size of the nation.
Marbury v. Madison-In 1803 the Supreme Court ruled the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional. The "Marbury v. Madison" case established the precedent for judicial review of federal laws.
McCulloch v. Maryland-In "McCulloch v. Maryland" (1819), the Supreme Court ruled that the second Bank of the United States was constitutional, thus affirming the doctrine of implied powers. The case also determined that "the power to tax involves the power to destroy," thus state governments could not tax a federal agency like the Bank.
Missouri Compromise-In 1820, after angry debate in Congress, Missouri entered the Union as a slave state, and Maine was admitted as a free state to preserve the balance of slave and free states in the Union. Also, slavery was banned from that part of the Louisiana Territory north of 36° 30'.
Northwest Ordinance-The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 established governments in America's northwestern territories, established a procedure for their admission to statehood, and prohibited slavery north of the Ohio River. This legislation passed by Congress under the Articles of Confederation provided the model for the incorporation of future territories into the Union as coequal states.
Revolution 1800-In the Election of 1800 both Jefferson and Aaron Burr received 73 votes in the Electoral College. Because of the tie, the Constitution required that the House of Representatives (voting by states) choose between the two and Jefferson was elected. The Twelfth Amendment was adopted to prevent a similar occurrence in the future.
Virginia & Kentucky resolutions-In response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison wrote the Kentucky and Virginia Resolves. They argued that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional and that each state had a right to declare them null and void.
War of 1812-The United States and Britain fought this war from June 1812 to January 1815 largely over British restrictions on American shipping.
Whiskey Rebellion-Western Pennsylvania farmers violently resisted paying the whiskey tax imposed by Hamilton's financial program. In 1794 they threatened to destroy Pittsburgh. Washington and Hamilton marshalled the full force of the army to suppress the rebellion, but the rebels had dispersed by the time the army arrived.
Four Worlds
Social
*Citizens were angry with tariffs *Women taught children "Republican Motherhood" *Hartford Convention: redress grievances *Towns had schools for children *Alien Sedition Acts |
Political
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Cultural
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Economical
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Primary Sources
John Adams to George Washington Adams and John Adams 2d, page 1
3 May 1815 http://www.masshist.org/adams/apmanuscripts/apselected_6_text.html Summary:This is a letter written by John Adams to George Washington Adams and John Adams 2d telling them how to present themselves when they arrive in Liverpool . Adams tells them both to write down everything they witness which shows how he wants know how the British are getting along. He wants them to carry themselves with dignity and respect to show the British how civilized and proper Americans truly are. And when they arrive at Liverpool they should carry on the good behavior even when America might be represented to show people of other countries how great America is.
Signficance:This is significant because it show how not only did Adams want to get more information on the British he also wanted to boast the power and dignity of America Amber A. |
Lewis and Clark Reach the Pacific Ocean (1805)
Summary: Lewis and Clarke, two explorers sent by Jefferson to travel west across the continent, wrote about their journey in reaching the pacific ocean. They stated the weather they experienced, the natives they encountered, and the ordeals that they had to deal with on their expedition.
Significance: This is important because it clarified to Jefferson that there wasn't an all river path from the east to west coast. And it helped them them gain more knowledge about the geography, natural resources, and the different cultures that they came into contact with on the large and new country. Bianca M. |
Source: The Burning of Washington
Link: http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/cph.3c17176/ Summary: During the war of 1812 the British forces landed at Benedict Maryland on august 19th, 1814. Five days later the British forces attacked Washington D.C. on the 24th of August. The forces set fire to nearly all of the government buildings in the city, including the white house and the capital building. Many documents were lost to the flames due to the fact that the library of congress was set to flames (which housed app. 3,000 volumes). Significance: This document is important because it shows that the young nation was not at that time in its life to defend its capital from destruction. This was a major loss for the Americans in the war of 1812. The documents in the library of congress that were lost mean that America lost a part of its early history. Over all the burning of the capital did not mean that the Americans had lost the war but was a very hard hit to the American people at that time. Author: Robert Ellingson |
Embargo ActSummary: The two men in the picture represent common exporters of goods to other countries. The turtle represents the Embarge act and how it came back to "bite" us in the long run. The ship with the British flag represents trade between America and Britain. The people standing below the boat represent how the trading went down between countries.
Significance: The Embargo ultimately hurt the U.S. because they couldn't export their abundance of consumer goods such as tobacco, and furs. Without trade between the countries, both Britain and America suffered economical setbacks. This picture shows how necessary trading was back in early America. Author: Tristan Kemble-myers |